How to Recognise the Signs of Secondary Infertility

Secondary infertility is a common issue that affects many couples who have previously conceived without difficulty but now struggle to have another child. This situation can be confusing and distressing, especially when the first pregnancy happened with ease. Knowing how to spot the signs early can help you make informed decisions about when to seek support from a fertility specialist.

Understanding Secondary Infertility

Secondary infertility is defined as the inability to conceive or carry a pregnancy to term after having had at least one previous child, with no use of fertility treatments for that child. It is as common as primary infertility, though it is often less discussed. Many people are surprised to find that becoming pregnant again is not always straightforward.

It is important to understand that secondary infertility can affect both men and women, and the causes are often similar to those of primary infertility. Factors such as age, changes in health, lifestyle, and new medical conditions can all play a part.

Recognising the Main Signs of Secondary Infertility

Knowing what to look out for can help you take early action if you are worried about your fertility. Below are the main signs that could suggest secondary infertility.

Difficulty Conceiving After Regular Unprotected Sex

The most obvious sign is not getting pregnant after regular unprotected sex for 12 months if you are under 35, or 6 months if you are over 35. This is the same definition used for primary infertility, but the difference is that you have already had one or more successful pregnancies in the past.

If you and your partner are having unprotected sex two or three times a week and are not able to conceive within this time frame, it may be time to seek advice.

Irregular or Absent Periods

Menstrual cycles that have become irregular or periods that have stopped altogether can signal underlying problems. Changes in your cycle might suggest issues such as hormonal imbalances, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), thyroid problems, or early menopause. If your periods were regular in the past but are now unpredictable, this could be a reason for concern.

Previous Pregnancy Losses

Experiencing one or more miscarriages after a previous full-term pregnancy may indicate a fertility issue. Repeated pregnancy loss can be distressing and is sometimes a sign of changes in reproductive health. It is important to seek support and assessment if you have had multiple miscarriages.

New Health Problems Since Your Last Pregnancy

Any new medical conditions or changes in your health since your previous pregnancy can affect your fertility. This might include weight gain, diabetes, thyroid issues, or other long-term illnesses. New medications or surgeries may also play a part.

Male Factor Changes

Secondary infertility is not only a female issue. Men can experience changes that affect fertility, such as lower sperm count, reduced motility, or health problems like varicoceles, infections, or hormonal issues. If your partner has new health conditions, or has noticed changes such as reduced sex drive or erectile dysfunction, it is important to consider a full assessment for both partners.

Age-Related Fertility Decline

Both men and women experience a natural decline in fertility with age. For women, egg quality and quantity start to fall as they age , and for men, sperm quality can also decrease with age. If you are now older than you were with your first pregnancy, age may play a bigger role than before.

Painful Periods or Pelvic Pain

Painful periods, pain during sex, or pelvic pain between periods could be a sign of conditions such as endometriosis, fibroids, or pelvic inflammatory disease. These can all have an impact on fertility, even if you had no problems in the past.

Changes in Lifestyle or Stress Levels

Lifestyle changes such as increased stress, heavy alcohol use, smoking, changes in weight, or reduced physical activity can all influence fertility. While lifestyle is only one part of the picture, it can affect hormone levels, ovulation, and sperm health.

When Should You Seek Help for Secondary Infertility?

It can be difficult to know when to stop trying alone and seek help. The general rule is:

• If you are under 35 and have not conceived after 12 months of regular unprotected sex, speak to a fertility specialist.
   
• If you are 35 or older and have not conceived after 6 months, it is recommended to seek help sooner.
   
• If you have irregular or absent periods, known reproductive health conditions, a history of miscarriages, or your partner has known sperm issues, seek advice earlier.
   

The sooner you seek help, the more options you are likely to have. Early assessment can uncover causes and help you make an informed plan.

You can learn more about fertility testing at Sims IVF, which explains what is involved and how the team supports you from the first appointment.

Why Secondary Infertility Happens

Understanding what causes secondary infertility can help you decide what to do next. Some common reasons include:

• Age-related decline: Both eggs and sperm reduce in quality and quantity over time.
   
• Hormonal changes: Conditions like PCOS or thyroid issues can develop or worsen over time.
   
• Blocked fallopian tubes: Infections, endometriosis, or previous surgeries can cause blockages.
   
• Changes in sperm health: Illness, lifestyle, injury, or new medications can affect sperm quality.
   
• Uterine or cervical changes: Fibroids, polyps, or scarring can develop after a first pregnancy or delivery.
   
• Weight changes: Gaining or losing a significant amount of weight can disrupt hormones.
   
• New medical conditions: Diabetes, high blood pressure, or autoimmune diseases can emerge or worsen.

Steps to Take if You Suspect Secondary Infertility

Monitor Your Cycle

Keep a record of your menstrual cycle, symptoms, and any changes you notice. This can help you spot patterns and provide useful information for your doctor.

Track Ovulation

Use ovulation predictor kits, basal body temperature tracking, or ovulation tracking apps to confirm whether you are ovulating regularly.

Review Your Health

Take note of any new health problems, changes in weight, or medications that have changed since your last pregnancy.

Talk to Your Partner

Discuss any new symptoms or concerns with your partner. It is important for both partners to be involved in the process, as fertility issues can affect either person.

Book an Assessment

If you have experienced any of the signs mentioned above, or if you are simply concerned, book a fertility assessment at Sims IVF. Early investigation can provide clear answers and help you decide on the best next steps.

What to Expect at Your First Fertility Assessment

When you attend a Sims IVF fertility assessment. The process often includes:

• A review of your medical and pregnancy history
   
• Blood tests to check hormone levels and ovarian reserve
   
• An ultrasound scan to examine the uterus and ovaries
   
• Semen analysis for the male partner
   
• Additional tests if needed, such as checking for blocked tubes
   

The fertility specialist will talk you through the results, explain any issues found, and discuss possible treatment options. IVF treatment at Sims IVF is one option available if medical investigations suggest this is the right approach for you.

Emotional Impact of Secondary Infertility

Secondary infertility can be particularly hard emotionally. You may feel confused, frustrated, or even guilty, especially if friends and family do not understand the situation. There is often an expectation that a second pregnancy will be as straightforward as the first, but this is not always the case.

It is common to experience a sense of loss, sadness, or isolation. You may also feel pressure from others who expect your family to grow easily. Sims IVF offers counselling and support services to help you and your partner cope.

Supporting Yourself Through the Process

There are steps you can take to look after your wellbeing during this time:

• Talk openly with your partner about how you are feeling
   
• Reach out to support groups or counselling services
   
• Maintain a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet, regular exercise, and enough sleep
   
• Limit alcohol and avoid smoking
   
• Manage stress (Hobbies & Relaxing)
   

Taking care of your mental and physical health can help you feel more in control during the process.

Why Choose Sims IVF for Secondary Infertility Support

Sims IVF has extensive experience helping couples and individuals facing secondary infertility. Our clinics across Ireland offer a full range of diagnostic tests, personalised treatment plans, and emotional support. The team includes consultants, nurses, counsellors, and support staff dedicated to helping you achieve your goal of growing your family.

With clear communication, access to leading treatments, and a supportive environment, Sims IVF is committed to helping you understand your fertility and find a solution that works for you.

Taking the Next Step

Recognising the signs of secondary infertility early is important in your journey to parenthood. If you are struggling to conceive after a previous pregnancy, or have noticed any changes in your menstrual cycle, health, or your partner’s fertility, it is important to seek advice as soon as possible.

Sims IVF offers expert support, thorough assessments, and a range of treatment options tailored to your needs. Early intervention can help uncover the reasons behind secondary infertility and give you the best possible chance of success. If you have questions or would like to book a consultation, get in touch with the Sims IVF team today.